Future And Ethical Perspectives Of Robotics -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Future And Ethical Perspectives Of Robotics? Answer: Presentation: Simulated intelligence or Artificial Intelligence is a conventional term suggesting use of PCs for displaying or repeating savvy conduct. Mechanical autonomy, part of AI, is made out of different kinds of building to configuration, create and apply robots in a true situation. The paper will concentrate on ideas and thoughts on AI and Robotics under Research and Development in Information Technology. Key ideas and thoughts: The possibility of AI and mechanical autonomy has concentrated on PC thinking. Nonetheless, the conceivable foundation of data depiction has been lying on restricted advancement for a machine to get orders. RoboCop, a well known organization empowering AI has been investigating and including different headways (Kamishima, Gremmen and Akizawa 2018). Further, the examination has helped in understanding proper methodology towards the combination of agreeable movement systems from exact blunder estimation and geometric depiction of different get together activities. Rundown: It is contended that universal procedure is appropriate to plan robots in parts of a corporative area. The possibility of an intellectual condition of a specialist shows convictions about the outer world, objectives and wants to change nature. Under helpful cases, diverse thinking with respect to those psychological structures has been imperative to tackling issues and correspondence (Wachter, Mittelstadt and Floridi 2017). To develop those models, exploratory robot brain research is proposed. This is on the grounds that it incorporates thinking and formalizing about the structure of current robot specialists. Further dynamic compliances have been helping robots to do undertakings under fundamental control mistakes and detecting. Distinctive consistent movements have been hard for people for determining. Robot programs have been caring towards the subtleties of geometry and mistake qualities (Khandelwal et al. 2017). In this way they should be grown once more for each undertaking. Every one of these elements have been propelling search for programmed union apparatuses with respect to robot program and agreeable movement. In conclusion, it is seen for accelerating learning time, a procedure of LEM or Learning from Easy Missions has been executed (Torresen 2017). It diminishes learning time in straight request structure an exponential one inside the size of state space. End: Computer based intelligence and mechanical autonomy have been rapidly transitioning since organizations are getting a handle on the high capability of savvy machines as impetuses for significant seriousness and proficiency. Innovative work are to be directed around there in regards to both physical and virtual universes inside various periods of self-sufficiency. Additionally, a thorough vision would be helpful for the administration for improving the distribution of research capacities in creating specific AI or Robotics abilities. References: Kamishima, Y., Gremmen, B. also, Akizawa, H., 2018. Can Merging a Capability Approach with Effectual Processes Help Us Define a Permissible Action Range for AI Robotics Entrepreneurship?.Philosophy of Management, pp.1-17. Khandelwal, P., Zhang, S., Sinapov, J., Leonetti, M., Thomason, J., Yang, F., Gori, I., Svetlik, M., Khante, P., Lifschitz, V. also, Aggarwal, J.K., 2017. Bwibots: A stage for overcoming any barrier among ai and humanrobot connection research.The International Journal of Robotics Research,36(5-7), pp.635-659 Torresen, J., 2017. A Review of Future and Ethical Perspectives of Robotics and AI.Frontiers in Robotics and AI,4, p.75.. Wachter, S., Mittelstadt, B. what's more, Floridi, L., 2017. Straightforward, reasonable, and responsible AI for apply autonomy.

Internet Cafe Business Plan :: Business Entrepreneurship Management Essays

Web Cafe Business Plan 1.0 Executive Summary JavaNet, in contrast to an ordinary bistro, will give a one of a kind discussion to correspondence and diversion with the help of the Internet. JavaNet is the response to an expanding request. The open needs: (1) access to the techniques for correspondence and volumes of data now accessible on the Internet, and (2) access at a cost they can manage the cost of and so that they aren't socially, monetarily, or politically segregated. JavaNet will probably furnish the network with a social, instructive, engaging, environment for overall correspondence. This strategy is set up to get financing in the measure of $24,000. The supplemental financing is required to start deal with site readiness and alterations, gear buys, and to cover costs in the principal year of activities. Extra financing has just been made sure about as: (1) $24,000 from the Oregon Economic Development Fund (2) $19,000 of individual reserve funds from proprietor Cale Bruckner (3) $36,000 from three speculators (4) and $9,290 as momentary credits. JavaNet will be fused as a LLC partnership. This will shield the proprietor Cale Bruckner, and the three outside financial specialists, Luke Walsh, Doug Wilson, and John Underwood, from issues of individual risk and twofold tax assessment. The speculators will be treated as investors and subsequently won't be obligated for more than their individual venture of $12,000 each. The financing, notwithstanding the capital commitments from the proprietor, investors and the Oregon Economic Development Fund, will permit JavaNet to effectively open and keep up tasks through year one. The huge introductory capital speculation will permit JavaNet to furnish its clients with a full highlighted Internet bistro. A one of a kind, upscale, and creative condition is required to furnish the clients with an air that will produce socialization. Effective activity in year one will furnish JavaNet with a client base that will permit it to act naturally adequate in year two. Features 1.1 Objectives JavaNet's goals for the initial three years of activity include: †¢Ã‚     The making of a one of a kind, upscale, imaginative condition that will separate JavaNet from nearby cafés. †¢Ã‚     Educating the network on what the Internet brings to the table. †¢Ã‚     The development of a domain that will bring individuals with differing interests and foundations together in a typical gathering. †¢Ã‚     Good espresso and pastry shop things at a sensible cost. †¢Ã‚     Affordable access to the assets of the Internet and other online administrations. 1.2 Mission As the prominence of the Internet keeps on developing at an exponential rate, simple and reasonable access is rapidly turning into a need of life.

AP Studio Art

Back in my teaching days, the high school where I taught was really small, like 150 students small. Though at best 1/10th the size of the other public high schools in the county, my school had an award-winning art program. Our art teacher was an accomplished artist in her own right, and she brought that passion to every lesson. Her students produced amazing work. Every semester a student’s art was on display in a local museum, or another student won a substantial scholarship in an art contest. But here’s the thing, something you might not have suspected. My school didn’t offer AP Studio Art. Why do I bring this up, especially in an article about AP Studio Art? Well, I want to let all the artists reading this know that even if your school doesnt offer AP Studio Art, there’s no reason to fret. Great art programs come in all shapes and sizes. 😉 But if your school does offer AP Studio Art Drawing, AP Studio Art 2D Design, and/or AP Studio Art 3D Design, you are likely wondering which course is best for you. Never fear, Mr. B is here to help you make an educated choice based on your artistic strengths and interests. Before we talk about the individual courses, theres something important that applies to all three. No matter which AP Studio Art course you take, the portfolio you create throughout the year is the basis for your AP score. Thats right; theres no exam. Your portfolio items fall under three broad categories: Quality, Concentration, and Breadth. Here are the basic questions AP Studio Art graders ask themselves when reviewing art from each category: Quality: Is the students artwork actually good? Concentration: How does the student explore a single idea or subject through multiple pieces of his or her art? Breadth: Can the student apply different artistic skills when creating art? If you get to the end of this article and want to learn more about AP Studio Art, check out the official College Board websites for AP Studio Art Drawing, AP Studio Art 2D Design, or AP Studio Art 3D Design. AP Studio Art Drawing Okay, let’s take a look at what principles of design are important in AP Studio Art Drawing. Line quality Light and shade Rendering of form Composition Surface manipulation Illusion of depth Mark-making Quality So that AP graders can judge your Quality, you must submit five pieces in one or more media. These are actual pieces you create throughout the year, not photographs or scans. Each piece should be smaller than 18† x 24† to fit in the provided mailing envelope. Pieces smaller than 8† x 10† must be mounted before mailing. Concentration To judge your Concentration, AP graders want to see 12 works on a â€Å"specific visual idea.† In creating the concentration section of your portfolio, you are encouraged to choose your own subject. AP suggests that you also include images that influenced your work. This gives graders a clearer view of your thought process. Unlike your Quality pieces, the 12 Concentration pieces must be high-quality digital scans or photographs of your art. When you submit the scans/photographs online, you are asked to answer two questions about your concentration. These responses are not scored, but they give graders crucial information about your artistic intent. Breadth AP graders want to know just how far your drawing skills go. For these 12 works, you are encouraged to experiment with your technique and subject matter. These 12 works must be original, and not submitted as part of any other category. AP Studio Art 2D Design Besides drawing, Studio Art 2D Design goes a step further by including graphic design, photography, collage, weaving, painting, and digital imaging, among other artistic disciplines. In this course, you are asked to work with the following principles of design: Unity/variety Balance Contrast Emphasis Rhythm Proportion/scale Figure/ground relationships The requirements for the portfolio are identical to those for AP Studio Art Drawing. Image courtesy of Walkthisplank91 AP Studio Art 3D Design If you’re into sculpture, AP Studio Art 3D Design is the course for you. In this course you are asked to work in the following principles of design: Unity/variety Balance Emphasis Rhythm Contrast Repetition Proportion/scale Occupied/unoccupied space The requirements for the portfolio are a bit different than for the other AP Studio Art courses. Quality For Quality, you submit a total of 10 images of five pieces. By having two images of each piece, AP graders can see each sculpture from two different angles. Concentration A total of 12 images are required, but some of these images can come from the same piece. This flexibility gives you the chance to show off either a different angle or a piece or the intricate detail of another. Breadth You are required to submit 16 photographs of eight three-dimensional pieces. The pieces you submit to this category cannot be used in other parts of your portfolio. Grading the Portfolio Any artist knows that evaluating art is subjective. One man’s masterpiece is another man’s doorstop. No matter which AP Studio Art course you take, it’s natural to feel apprehensive at the thought of a stranger grading (and judging) your artwork. Well, I’ve done the research, and I’m here to tell you how the grading process works. AP Studio Art graders, known officially as ‘readers,’ are either AP Studio Art teachers or college professors. Everyone who becomes a reader has to go through a training program. Training involves practice grading previous years’ portfolios. A Chief Reader makes the final determination on whether a new reader is skilled enough to grade your portfolio. The Quality section of your portfolio is graded by three readers who do not know they are evaluating the same student. Two readers evaluate the Concentration and Breadth sections of your portfolio. If the readers should award you scores that are very far apart, two more readers review your work and come to a resolution. Your final 1-5 score is an average of all the scores awarded by readers. Final Thoughts Like all AP exams, the College Board releases the scores for AP Studio Art in early July. If you should earn a 4 or 5, congrats. You will be able to jump into a second-semester art course during your freshmen year of college. If a 3 or less is in your future, don’t fret. Vincent van Gogh was one of the greatest painters who ever lived. Yet he went to his grave believing that he was a failure. Remember that art (and beauty) is in the eye of the beholder. No matter what the AP score says, don’t give up on your art of yourself. Till next time, Magooshers.

Defining Change Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1428 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Essay any type Level High school Did you like this example? Question 1- Two school of thoughts Change Management Schools of Thought School Describe two schools of thought that contribute to change in organizations. Approaches to accomplish structural change, technological change, and people change (self, team and organization). Contributions made from each school of thought to change of self, team, and organization. Factors that Drive Change Impede Change Design School Designing the school in systematic order like the ladders so one can step ahead and have no resistance Leaders can appreciate every one so that if individual has good sense of change so the team and so the organization Changing which encouragement can be positive and changes can be made very easily Changing with no support can be very difficult and may be sometimes dis respectful and unfair to employees Learning School Coaching must be given and should be up to date because decision making also changes with the time. Different thinking and the dreams which are unexpected can be held and come true easily as of the different thinking and complexity handling. Always learn from the every situation coming on the face and try to get lesson from every difficulty so that problems facing can be less stressful in future New structures are hard to apply so the structures with nothing systematic may suffer. Configuration School Structures can be made with a exploratory thinking Structures made can help out every one to easily get the steps of the system to change easily. Configurations are like the core of the changing the settings other system which can be helpful from the lower level of management to the upper with proper instructions etc If they are not been processed in steps then organization may fall in failure of change because of confusion Entrepreneurial School Leader can be made for the working of school in symmetry and the leader can select the good and bad for company and everyone has to obey it The selectiveness of leader can very successful and the company can reach the heights of assumption. Better results can be made if the vision of the leader is good and sense and adaptation is best. The thoughts of the one person are limited and can be easily adapted by everyone. TASK 2 2.1 Two reasons why people and two reasons why system resist change in organisation? People The loss of status and the job security in the organisation Some changes are harmful to our current situation and not even its our nature for making changes, so the change in administration and technology almost resisted because these changes will eliminate their jobs and their roles from the organisation. The climate of mistrust There is faith in the people who are working together. Mutual misunderstanding will blow up the whole organisation and this change result the failure of trust in the organisation. System Power People in power, they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t want to lose their power easily. Control The employee in control of system also dnt want to loose their power so as to retain they have to take care of their system. Fear of unkown The changes which are not known are the most stress giving ones. The system is mostly afraid of these kinds of situations because the whole system disturbs by them. 2.2 5 Strategies to overcome situation of resistance of change Educate and communicate The anxiety can be reduced and ensure the people of what is happy and what is expected of people and support given to them in the time of change. The benefit is the keyword to craze people about doing change which is necessary and benefits only comes with the implementation of change. Participation Feeling of control reduces uncertainty and this will promote the feeling of the ownership. The change and encourage help to implement and design. Deriving themselves may also make them easy to change. Support and facilitate It is very hard to change while; work anxiety is the first emotion come over buy supporting people and encouraging them, training them, coaching them can reduce the resistance from the people mind involved in the changes. Agreement and Negotiate The powerful resistance may offer uncertain but in ret urn but in return you have to offer good for agreement to change. Negotiations may alert people to get their benefits or assume of getting benefits after the change. Manipulation If all the above are expensive and useless then this stage is the cheaper and best suited for every organisation, this is the quick stage and good way to negotiate. This include the like hood selectiveness of employee, the best way to get rid of unlikeness. 2.3One impact of change-related stress and ambiguity on each of the following: Stress- is an external and internal fact that causes tension and unconsciousness Individual Can reduce performance Sickness absence Misunderstanding with colleges Organisation Reduced staff performance Poor decision making Commitment to work will be so poor The absence level will be increased Turnover of staff will be higher The relation between workers will be so poor Team Loss of motivation and commitment Diminished retur ns because of working long hours Time keeping poor and erratic Conflicts between colleges in displaying the problems 2.4Three measures to remove or minimise negative aspectsof change-related stress and ambiguity Minimising Stress Individual Encouragement and discuss the stress with manager, in order for the action to be taken stress issues should or should not be work related. But those who either effect on the functioning needs support and help. Team Encouragement making good relation in between colleges understands each other; any conflicts can be solved by gathering and meetings. Organisation Managers and supervisors have to access the risk taking stress in companies and eliminate it. Managers should aware of every common sign of going or on-going stress, working it out and the solution for it. 2.5 Two methods to test for individual readiness to change in terms of positive and negative forces Change valance The more the organisation evaluate the change the more the they want to get involved to implement the change Change efficiency Task demand Resource availability Situational factors 2.6 Two ways to check the system readiness TheBest way of finding out the readiness of the system is to face the change of the one sector with change and then appraise the result with other department to know the variance and reaction which it is beginning to the system and then you can recognise what is need to be prepared to make it nominal. Task 3 Two schools of thought from Task 1 and Case Studies 1 and 2 as your reference when answering the following questions 3.1.1 Yeah! Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a very effective change management as they have chosen 15 department managers for the change and its very good as well because every manager has taken out his part and solved his one very carefully. They used two strategies to get the change Structure Planning In return of all They saved their Money Time Pre plans are made and helped them to get the change very easily. 3.1.2 15 departments were used and they all are working as a team as a team and thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s awesome as a team work they can overcome their situation of internal communication. The projects were planned very easily and can be finished at time as well. Even if the organisation is in down turn still they have well satisfied team. But because of the limited resources and stubborn managers is only the narrow place to be successful in some situations. 3.1.3 They used the systematic order chosen the every department managers helped them to get the resolved very easily. The planning and structuring are very helpful for them as the managers are very smart they distributed their work as their roles and their needs and they resolve out every single problem as the ABC College is facing and they looks after the outcome of the organisation as well. The resolutionsinvolvedcultivating communication to duck overlapping jobs within the departments for which an IT system was installed. Reform of the Web site was also originated. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Defining Change Management" essay for you Create order Works Cited https://www.m-t-d.co.uk/blog/tag/how-to-overcome-resistance-to-change. (n.d.). www.m-t-d.co.uk/blog/tag/how-to-overcome-resistance-to-change. Retrieved from https://www.m-t-d.co.uk/blog/tag/how-to-overcome-resistance-to-change https://www2.pathfinder.org/site/DocServer/Organizational_Structure.complete.pdf?docID=323. (n.d.). www2.pathfinder.org. Retrieved from https://www2.pathfinder.org/site/DocServer/Organizational_Structure.complete.pdf?docID=323 www.d.umn.edu/~dfalk/hbse/matrix/orgresist.pdf. (n.d.). d.umn.edu/~dfalk/hbse/matrix/orgresist.pdf. Retrieved from https://www.d.umn.edu/~dfalk/hbse/matrix/orgresist.pdf: https://www.d.umn.edu/~dfalk/hbse/matrix/orgresist.pdf

Knowledge Is Power, And That s The Problem - 880 Words

Celsius 233 º Knowledge is power, and that’s the problem. In the futuristic writings of author Ray Bradbury, one can see the impractical problems they believe books cause in their society. In Bradbury’s, Fahrenheit 451, Guy Montag a Fireman, not to be confused with a firefighter, was forced to burn books. Using a kerosene spray gun or flamethrower, Montag would take the books and burn them. Although the books held a plethora of information, this lack knowledge lead to a dystopian society full of censorship, ignorant unlearned individuals, and technological advancements beyond those which we know of today. It was not until Montag stole a book that he had a change of heart. Censorship is a government, or other groups control of the information being circulated and presented in a society. Social media, news, radio and television, all of which a forms of communication and avenues of information used each day. Although, the information provided often seems valid and true, it has been, and will be censored to the furthest extent by those who monitor the things one presents to the outside world making it public information. Although one may not realize it, censorship is still being used today on a daily basis. Whether it is a profane word taken out of a song, bleeps on a TV show, or partial truths reported in a news article, all are forms of modern day censorship. Through censorship, one may do the unthinkable and even go against his or her beliefs; much like Guy Montag did inShow MoreRelatedA Virtue Epistemology By Ernest Sosa987 Words   |  4 Pagesbegan working there full-time in 2007. He became known as one of the leading epistemologists while working at Rutgers. Epistemology is the study of knowledge and justified belief.1 In 1991 he wrote the book Knowledge in Perspective and in 2007 he wrote A Virtue Epistemology. 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His interest for mathematics started at a young age, when he was still a kid he loved to go the library and rent math books that challenged him to find the answer to practical problems and teach him, also he would finishedRead MoreA Mystery That s Never Been Solved935 Words   |  4 PagesA Mystery that’s Never Been Solved Knowledge and existence are in interconnected relationship. One of most common questions asked by philosophers is â€Å"Do I exist?† To answer this question, â€Å"existence† can be examine linguistically, scientifically, and philosophically. Additionally, the consequent of existence can be the lead to its mystery. So, dose a person who lives in New Jersey exist to a person who lives in Tokyo? First, the neurological explanation of existence is correlated to the learningRead MoreThe Ethics Of Computer Ethics Essay978 Words   |  4 Pagesis a branch of applied ethics that considers ethical issues raised or significantly amplified by computer technology.† Moor (2006). Its been stated in several works that computers give people power, which means people have the choice to use this wisely and ethically. While society has benefited from this â€Å"power†, there are still ethical concerns that need attention such as privacy of data, security, reliability of data, intellectual property, and accessibility. Mark D. Bowles, Deborah G. Johnson, andRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children979 Words   |  4 Pagesacknowledge it because of the lack of knowledge, neglection, hatred, and type of abuse an individual can sustain. Everyone s mind works and processes information differently, in this case it s the amount of education you receive on animal cruelty. Plenty of people lack all the knowledge towards why abuse even occurs, they don t find it important to know this information since they don’t ever consider going through a situation like that. The lack of knowledge along caring for an animal with no loveRead MoreHow Can Engineering Mathematics Be Applied? Improve The Effectiveness Of Wind Power?1487 Words   |  6 Pageswell can engineering mathematics be applied to improve the effectiveness of wind power 14 March 2015 Wind power can be produced by air flow turning wind turbines or sails, often used to create mechanical or electrical power. As one of the clean and recycle energy, more and more countries pay attention to wind power. According to the recent EU analysis for the new constructions, the cost of the wind power has fallen to a fifth of that cost in the 20th century during the last 10 years

Reamers Guide And The Nohse Standards Essay Example For Students

Reamers Guide And The Nohse Standards Essay A Contrast and Comparison of Reamers Guide and the NOHSE standardsA lot of individuals are unaware of the presence of social workers in their respective Communities, and the variety of social work services provided by these individuals. While doing the interview with the Community Actions The Community Action Program Corporation of Washington-Morgan County, Ohio I was amazed at the complexity and of the number of human service programs in the local area. So many that I would guest that the question of ethics arises quit often. As a profession, social work has a long tradition with the concern of ethical dilemmas. The identification and resolution of ethical dilemmas is a foundation of social work education at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Social workers in all occupational settings have been faced with daily ethical dilemmas. While the nature and complexity of these dilemmas have changed over time, modern-day social workers continue to struggle with difficult ethical di lemmas. In fact, all professionals, regardless of their profession, face ethical dilemmas. As a result, over time, each profession (i.e. social work, law, medicine, military, etc.) has developed a method for dealing with ethical dilemmas unique to their expertise. While there are several methods for dealing with ethical dilemmas, the most common and accepted method is the development and implementation of a professional code of ethics. The development of a code of ethics for the resolution of ethical dilemmas is instrumental in the development and recognition of a profession by society. Therefore, one of the key attributes of any profession is the development and implementation of a code of ethics. The National Organization for Human Service Education (NOHSE) developed the Ethical Standards of Human Services Professionals. Professional ethics are concerned with the correct course of professional actions when dealing with ethical dilemmas. Human Services ethics are designed to help human services workers decide which of two or more competing goals is the correct one for the given situational context. The decisions the human services worker makes may affect only a few, however, in some case their decisions affect a multitude of individuals. There is no sure way of resolving ethical dilemmas, however knowing and honoring the ethical standards will assist the human services worker in making decisions that will be of th e greatest benefit for the targeted population or client. The ethical standards of the human services professional are a set of fifty-four guidelines developed by NOSHE to outline the human service professional responsibility to clients. The purpose of NOSHE is to provide a medium for cooperation and communication among Human Service organizations and individual practitioners, faculty, and students. Improve the education of Human Service personnel, by fostering excellence in teaching, research, and curriculum development. Encourage support, and assist the development of local, state, and national organizations of Human Services. Sponsor forums via conferences, institutes, and symposiums that foster creative approaches to meeting Human Service needs. Frederic G. Reamer’s, Ethical Dilemmas in Social Service in comparison gives the human services professional a wide range of complex and controversial concerns in ethical theory and practice. Reamer discusses the ethical concerns involved in working with individuals and families, the desi gn and implementation of social welfare programs and policies, community work, and relationships with colleagues and employers. Although not part of the comparison between Reamers book and NOSHE I would also like to mention the National Association of Social Worker Code of Ethics mentioned in Reamers book. The purpose of this Code of Ethics is to establish that the human service profession has an obligation to articulate its basic values, ethical principles, and ethical standards. The NASW Code of Ethics sets forth these values, principles, and standards to guide social workers conduct. It is relevant to all social workers and social work students, regardless of their professional functions, the settings in which they work, or the populations they serve. It identifies core values on which social works mission is based, and summarizes broad ethical principles that reflect the professions core values and establishes a set of specific ethical standards that should be used to guide soci al work practice. It is designed to help social workers identify relevant considerations when professional obligations conflict or ethical uncertainties

Performance management system free essay sample

A good PM system is the central nervous system of the organization since it is providing operational intelligence on a real time basis, indicating performance relative to goals, effectiveness and efficiency of programs and services, performance of processes, and customer. Performance Management System is a process of setting objectives, making plans to achieve those objectives and accomplishing the desired results. This pAPER describes about the Performance Management System which is followed in many of the companies. This paper also describes the problems faced by the appraisees and the appraisers in this system. It also elaborates about the steps taken by the appraisers to improve the performances of the appraisees so that their efficiency can be increased and later the rewards and recognitions are given in the form of promotions, incentives and empowerment. Whether An individual is Human Resource professional, a manager or an employee; chances are you arent thrilled with their performance appraisal view process. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance management system or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are rarely easy or effective and they take up their precious time for little result. With Success Factors, the performance appraisal process is streamlined and impactful. It becomes simple for managers to agree upon goals and skills with the employee and then deliver constructive feedback on their progress. With clearly outlined goals, the process benefits BOTH the individual and the organization. A good PM system is the central nervous system of the organization since it is providing operational intelligence on a real time basis, indicating performance relative to goals, effectiveness and efficiency of programs and services, performance of processes, and customer. Performance Management System is a process of setting objectives, making plans to achieve those objectives and accomplishing the desired results. This pAPER describes about the Performance Management System which is followed in many of the companies. This paper also describes the problems faced by the appraisees and the appraisers in this system. It also elaborates about the steps taken by the appraisers to improve the performances of the appraisees so thattheir efficiency can be increased and later the rewards and recognitions are given in the form of promotions, incentives and empowerment. Whether An individual is Human Resource professional, a manager or an employee; chances are you arent thrilled with their performance appraisal view process. They are rarely easy or effective and they take up their precious time for little result. With Success Factors, the performance appraisal process is streamlined and impactful. It becomes simple for managers to agree upon goals and skills with the employee and then deliver constructive feedback on their progress. With clearly outlined goals, the process benefits BOTH the individual and the organization. A good PM system is the central nervous system of the organization since it is providing operational intelligence on a real time basis, indicating performance relative to goals, effectiveness and efficiency of programs and services, performance of processes, and customer. Performance Management System is a process of setting objectives, making plans to achieve those objectives and accomplishing the desired results. This pAPER describes about the Performance Management System which is followed in many of the companies. This paper also describes the problems faced by the appraisees and the appraisers in this system. It also elaborates about the steps taken by the appraisers to improve the performances of the appraisees so that their efficiency can be increased and later the rewards and recognitions are given in the form of promotions, incentives and empowerment. Whether An individual is Human Resource professional, a manager or an employee; chances are you arent thrilled with their performance appraisal view process. They are rarely easy or effective and they take up their precious time for little result. With Success Factors, the performance appraisal process is streamlined and impactful. It becomes simple for managers to agree upon goals and skills with the employee and then deliver constructive feedback on their progress. With clearly outlined goals, the process benefits BOTH the individual and the organization.

Death Penalty Overview essays

Death Penalty Overview essays Honors Composition I 08/27/01 Capital punishment provides the most complete retribution and condemnation The threat of execution is a unique deterrent Capital punishment self-evidently prevents more crime because death is more feared than mere restrictions on ones liberty Capital punishment is less costly than a life time of incarceration Capital punishment is the only way to fully ensure that a homicidal individual cannot kill again Approximately 66% of todays Americans are in favor of capital punishment over life imprisonment Violent crime in America has decreased by the hundreds of thousands between 1999 and 2000 as the U.S. executed 98 prisoners (the most since 1951) in 99 and have 3.5K on death row Mental Retardation or legal insanity does not ensure that the condemned will not participate in violent crimes or kill again, in prison or in society Most of the top industrialized nations still condemn their most violent criminals to death The message sent by capital punishment is to obey the law or die Most prisoner on death row are white males Is capital punishment an effective deterrent of violent crimes? Should a murderer be allowed to live out his life when he, himself sentenced his victims to death? Should the families of the victims have a voice in what is to become of the assailant? Should all persons convicted of 1st degree murder, regardless of circumstances, be subject to capital punishment? Can the death penalty be used to control the prison population by eliminating offenders who murder while incarcerated or violent criminal who escape, as means to protect the general public? Would public executions further deter crime and therefore reduce the number of executions by sending a vivid message of No ...

Analysis of the Scarlet Letter 1

Meredith Byram Mrs. Allinder English 9 A4 23 February 2009 â€Å"It may serve, let us hope, to symbolize some sweet moral blossom, that may be found along the track, or relieve the darkening close of a tale of human fatality and sorrow,† (Hawthorne 44). In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, light and dark are used to compare and contrast the inner nature of Hester, Pearl, and Dimmesdale, All of these characters describe the theme of sin and suffering, but throughout their own struggles they strive and succeed to end up on the other end of the spectrum. Ah, but,† she interposed, more softly, a young wife, holding a child by the hand, â€Å"let her cover the mark as she will, the pang of it will always be in her heart,† (Hawthorne 47). Hester’s sin will always be a part of her soul, no matter how deeply she buries it. The scarlet A helps her to stop living her life a lie and forces her to show her sin to society, leaving her with nothing else to hide ( Morey 64). Hester is forced to set everything she has hidden free because her mistake and sin. Her life is turned into sorrow and denial leaving her a part of the dark side according to society’s view. Dimmesdale and Hester, at the time Pearl is conceived, only thought of themselves and their love instead of thinking about the depth of their sin (Morey 91). Their selfishness makes Hester rebel and cause the community to view her rebellion and defiance even deeper. Hester does not realize that she is only burying herself deeper, along with Pearl and secretly Dimmesdale also. â€Å"To Hester’s eye, the Reverend Mr. Dimmesdale exhibited no symptom of positive or vivacious suffering, except that, as little Pearl had remarked, he kept his own hand over his heart,† (Hawthorne 177). This hand that is over Dimmesdale’s heart is covering up his own sin and causes him to have his own scarlet letter. Dimmesdale’s truth constantly is knocking at his heart and soul, begging for a chance to be revealed. He drives himself to the point of insanity, pushing all his agony on top of himself which buries himself deeper and deeper into his grave (Morey 134). Dimmesdale doesn’t realize that he should tell the truth, not only because he is a Puritan clergyman, but also because he is only twisting and tangling his sin into a knot that soon won’t be able to become unraveled. As the novel progresses, Dimmesdale’s soul becomes dirty and scum-like—just as society sees Hester’s inner self. His agony and paranoia is his own punishment and instead pushes himself even farther and farther away from the truth. Before he committed hi sin, Dimmesdale was fully connected to God and then after the sin was committed his godly soul starts to wither away. He becomes even less attached and finally he dies and becomes all the way disconnected from God (Gerber 82-83). Dimmesdale pushes himself away from the Lord out of his selfishness and causes his soul to become dark and dirty. †¦She is my happiness! She is my torture, none the less! Pearl keeps me here in life! Pearl punishes me too! See ye not, she is the scarlet letter†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hawthorne 104. † At this point in the novel, Hester is persuading the governor to let Pearl stay with her. Pearl is a consistent reminder of Hester’s sin. Even though Pearl brings Hester up into the light, she darkens it also. Pearl creates a personality that is hostile and reflects her extreme temper. This relates Pearl to the devil which can be seen as darkness and a dark place. This temper and hostility is Hester’s biggest punishment for her sin. Pearl is literally a living example of the scarlet letter. After living many years of sin and suffering, Hester comes to full knowledge of her sin and gains responsibility for her actions (Nagel 90). Hester realizes that her sin will be lifted from her when she is ready to accept it. As Hester unleashes the â€Å"A† form her chest she, â€Å"had not known the weight until she felt the freedom. † Right after Hester reveals and finds her freedom, Hawthorne describes the sun as if it were bursting out onto the leaves and trees as if it were transforming the dark into light (Hawthorne 191). This symbolizes a turning point in the novel because Hester realizes her frustrations and accepts them which turn her dark night into a bright day. Even though Dimmesdale struggles to tell the truth and his secret, his ending can be seen as a light or a bright side. He forgives Chillingworth and the way he accepts his fate can be seen in a light or bright side (Nagel 153). Dimmesdale does have a frightening fate but the way he accepts this at the end of the story reveals a glimpse of light. Also, at the end of the novel Pearl is seen crying for joy which can foreshadow a happy life ahead of her. Society has seen Pearl as a dark spot and a nuisance for her entire life. In the end, Pearl escapes her mother’s shadow and lives in Europe away from the Puritan views and living (Nagel 153). Pearl’s ending can be received in a positive way which resembles lightness. The Scarlet Letter starts in a depressing and cold demeanor releasing feelings of suffering and sorrow. As the story evolves and the characters develop, the inner nature of Pearl, Dimmesdale, and Hester is revealed. However, it isn’t necessarily perceived in a negative way, but in a positive way. Even though Hester’s ending wasn’t the typical â€Å"happy† ending, it still closed in a satisfying bliss of a better life. Dimmesdale finally told his truth and released his sin and Pearl can now live her life out of her mother’s troubles. â€Å"The angel and apostle of the coming revelation must be a woman, indeed, but lofty, pure, beautiful, and wise, moreover, not through dusky grief, but the ethereal medium of joy; showing how sacred love should make us happy, but the truest test of a life successful to such an end! † (Hawthorne 247). Through all the darkness, light has been found and the sorrow has been replaced with happiness. Pearl, Hester, and Dimmesdale are now free. Works Cited Bloom, Harold, ed. Nathaniel Hawthorne: Bloom’s Major Novelists. Broomall: Chelsea House Publishers, 2000. Gerber, John C. , ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Scarlet Letter. Eaglewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc. , 1968. Morey, Eileen, ed. Readings on The Scarlet Letter. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1998. Nagel, James, ed. Critical Essays on Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. Boston: G. K. Hall and Co. , 1988. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Penguin Books, 2003.

Reserch paper The Management of Innovation Essay

Reserch paper The Management of Innovation - Essay Example To explicate, therefore, is a process of describing in detail what we observe over a prolonged period of time shadowing principals, senior and middle managers, administrative and teaching staff as they go about their everyday work. This project attempts to investigate the nature of leadership and the everyday challenges of leading. It focuses on what leadership is and how it has become an ever-changing process. The text will be central to revealing the nature of leadership, relations between leaders and the led, risk-taking and entrepreneurship. In doing so, it would draw upon Richard Daft's text, Organization Theory and Design and apply his concept of the complexities of globalization (as in Chapter 6) in aiding managers design their organizations to be more effective on a global scale. As educational institutions in the word embrace new managerial and business approaches, they have simultaneously adopted a range of new technologies. This research summary reports on how information and communication technologies (ICT) are used to support aspects of educational leadership. Richard Daft makes it clear that no organization can stand still in today's reality - managers and workers have to think constantly of better ways of doing things, learn from every source, which bears knowledge, and can give the organization a better competitive advantage. Things have never moved so fast and threats and opportunities have never been so immense. Competitors have to be efficient and different to survive and stay on the top. Daft continues and presents the most recent developments in organizations' design - structures and management methods that have only emerged lately in response to the turbulences in the environments and competition worldwide. The rise of an emerging managerial philosophy of efficiency, system, and process is, according to Daft, reflected in the forms of internal communication that serve as mechanisms for managerial coordination and control. These have developed as a product not only of changing organizational needs but also of the technologies available to support them. Forms of organizational communication can thus be organized into specific and recognizable 'genres' such as letters, memorandums, meetings, agendas, proposals etc. These technologies as used by principals and senior managers within colleges not only to account for, but also to promote and disseminate, specific leadership visions and objectives. The overflow of more general managerial philosophies into the realm of globalizations in recent years has included the need to demonstrate competence, compliance and effectiveness to a variety of audiences. Going with Daft's idea1, the purpose of my study would suggest that this need for visible competence is now a dominant theme, driven by external inspection, funding and governance mechanisms as well as the service culture expectations of users and other stakeholders. Such 'audit cultures' (Strathern, 2000) are increasingly common in both

Case Briefs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Case Briefs - Essay Example ision in the Court of Appeals and stated â€Å"commercial nature of the parody rendered it presumptively unfair under the first of four factors† (LII p.4). However, the Supreme Court ruled that the Appeals Court had error in its judgment. Therefore, case the case went from district court, to Appeals court and eventually to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court reasoned that the decision ought to be reached upon consideration of several factors. One, the character and even the purpose of that use; two, the amount of the work used in the creation of a parody. Finally, the effects and the nature of the copyrighted material. This case was filed at the district court in Texas involving two firms where mascot characters were the center of the issue. Barney was a character associated with the Lyons partnership while Ted Giannoulas had a chicken as its mascot. The plaintiff complained that the defendant had false association trademark-dilution as well as unfair competition (Texas paralegal Journal p.2). In the first hearing, the district judge rule that the plaintiff was not able to proof beyond reasonable doubts how the defendant had infringed on trademark. The plaintiff’s concern was that the defendant’s portrayal of Barney as weak and relied on the chicken for dancing lessons was tantamount to unfair competition. When the judgment was delivered, the plaintiff was dissatisfied and appealed the ruling (Texas paralegal Journal p.4). The issues raised by the plaintiff at the district court included by using a Barney-like mascot, there would be consumer confusion hence unfair competition. Additionally, the firm complained of portraying it in bad light by misusing a barney-like mascot on the stage. Apparently, the mascot would be slapped, kicked and even stood on. The district court ruled that there was no evidence sufficient to sustain a consumer-confusion case. This was reached after it was ruled that the defendant’s use of barney-like mascot was a parody. In

The New Deal :: essays research papers

During the 1930's, America witnessed a breakdown of the Democratic and free enterprise system as the United States fell into the worst Depression in history. The effects of the depression were being felt everywhere in the United States. In 1933, sixteen million people were unemployed. Americans wanted and needed a change. They proved this by electing Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. This was the beginning of a new period in time for Americans, as Roosevelt would introduce his course of action with the New Deal. Would Roosevelt’s New Deal be what Americans needed to counteract the effects of the depression? In Roosevelt’s first inaugural address he declared, â€Å"†¦In the event that Congress hall fail to take these courses and in the event that the national emergency is still critical I shall not evade the clear course or duty that will then confront me.† Roosevelt’s course of action came to be known as the New Deal. The New Deal describes the innovative measures that President Roosevelt took to try to restore the American economy, give Americans pride again, and have faith in the government. The New Deal started in 1933 and lasted until 1938. The New Deal was based on relief, recovery, and reform. The New Deal included federal action of unprecedented scope to stimulate industrial recovery, assist victims of the Depression, guarantee minimum living standards, and prevent future economic crises. Many economic, political, and social factors lead up to the implementation of the New Deal. In the first two years, the New Deal was concerned mainly with relief, setting up shelters and soup kitchens to feed the millions of unemployed. On March 6, 1933 Roosevelt called a nationwide bank holiday, and on March 9 Congress passed the Emergency Banking Act, which provided for federal bank inspections. In the summer of 1933, the Glass-Steagall Act set much more stringent rules for banks and provided insurance for depositors through the newly formed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). These acts helped to restore the confidence in the wake of widespread bank failures. Two acts, one in 1933 and one in 1934, required detailed regulations for the securities market, enforced by the new Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Several bills provided mortgage relief for farmers and homeowners and offered loan guarantees for home purchasers through the Federal Housing Administration, or FHA. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration expanded existing relief grants to the states and resulted in assistance for more than 20 million people. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) provided work relief for thousands of young men under a type of military discipline. The CCC emphasized reforestation, among

Business-to-Business Messages Essay

Communication is the process; through which sender conveys their messages to receiver. The communication can be in form of words, gestures, voice intonations and other symbols or signs. The communication process cannot be possible without any medium. In the communication process senders and receivers both are the parties involved. Apart from this communication process also needs the technology, tools and Channels. All the element of the communication process should be in the proper sequence for effective and appropriate communication Process. If any part of communication process is distorted or broken, the sender and receiver will not have a common understanding of the message (Daft, 2004). The communication model includes some element in this sequence such as an environment of communication, a sender, message, technology (Channels), noises (the psychological, social and structural barriers), a receiver and the feedback of receiver. The communication model has the channel through which the message is transmitted. There are two types of the channels: verbal and non-verbal. Verbal communication refers to the oral or written means transmitting meaning through words. Non-verbal communication doesn’t use words and involves gestures. In current time, there are many technological channels for communication such as electronic mail, intranets, instant messaging, fax, telephone and other forms of computer mediated communication channels (Mcshane, VonGlinow & Sharma, 2006). Business to business communication process includes the communication between two business entities, in which the one business entity perform the role of a sender and other one perform the role of a receiver. In other words, Business to Business Communication describes the communication between businesses such as between a manufacturer and a whole seller or between a whole seller and a retailer. All other element of Business to Business communication process is dependent on the environment and the purpose of the communication. Business to Business communication process would effective. If the environment of Business to Business is appropriate and propose of communication is also strong and effective (Guffey & Almonte, 2009). Business to Business Messages Business to Business communication process is an internal process to develop relationship with the other business organizations, vendors, suppliers etc. In this competitive landscape, the Business to Business communication process is necessary for customer loyalty to protect against the competitor, employee motivation, brand protection or creation the awareness among the customer (Business-to-Business Communication, n. d. ). Business to Business Message of William Brother Corporation  The William Brother Corporation is an American company. The company is known for its quality metal doors. The company recently launched the new products lightweight gypsum ceiling access panel, portable fire extinguisher stands, roof hatches and floor hatches. The company communicates with their whole sellers and retailer to create the awareness about the product features, quality and the price. The company also informs about policies, terms and promotional strategizes of the new products. Subsequent to the discussion of the company’s message now, I will analyze the message as follows: Purpose: The purpose of this message of the company is to create the awareness about the new launched products of the company between the whole sellers and retailers. The company provides the all technical information about the new product. Sender: Here, the sender is the company management team. Receiver: Here, receivers are the whole sellers and retailer of the company. Environment: The environment of this communication process is the internal and external environment. Technology: In this messaging, the technology used is written communication, oral communication and internet technology. Noise: In this message, noise can be formed by the traffic of internet and other website, which can directly affect the delivery of message. In addition to this, as it is a written and oral message, the noise factors can be lack of apprehension of language and information by the whole sellers and retailers (Mcshane, VonGlinow & Sharma, 2006). Feedback: The Feedback of the whole sellers and retailers is that they understand about the new product features and they agree on the company policies and terms. They will help the company for promotion of the new launched product. The method of the technology used is the appropriate of the company. The oral and written communication would create the easy understanding about the product and the internet is best way to convey the message of the company. The message should the appropriate, because the message provides the all information about the product and the company goal. Business to Business Message of KFC Corporation KFC Corporation based in Louisville, Kentucky, is the world’s most popular chicken restaurant chain. There are many stores of KFC that operate in the world. For managing the all stores of company, the company communicates with their different store’s management team through the messaging by the email and internet technology (KFC Corporation, 2010). In this message of the company, they had communicated, that company makes the some quality standards and policies for their food, which should maintain by the all stores of the company. These policies and the quality standards help to maintain the trust among the customers. Subsequent to the discussion of the company’s message now I will analyze the message as follows: Purpose: Here, the purpose of this message of the company is to create awareness about the policies and quality standards and should maintain these quality standard to the management of the stores which are situated in all over the world. Sender: The sender is the company management. Receiver: The receiver is the stores management of the company. Environment: Here, the environment of this employed communication process is external environment. Technology: In message, the technology used is written communication and the internet technology by the company. Noise: In the messaging, noise can be formed as the message failure through the internet. In the written message the noise can be formed as the lack of apprehension of language by the management of company stores (Mcshane, VonGlinow & Sharma, 2006). Feedback: The feedback of the receiver is that they will be maintain the quality standard of the food product and adopt the company policies. The company used technology, the written communication and the internet technology to create the awareness about their policies and the quality standards among their stores management. This would very effective for the company. Business to Business Message of Honda Motor Company Honda Motor Company is one of the largest automobile companies in the world. There has the big product line of the company in the world market. Honda Civic car is one of the popular products of the company. In the recently there has a technical problem generated in the Honda civic cars fuel pump. For the solution of this problem the company takes some actions. The company has sent the message to their authorized dealers to solve this problem by approaching the customers, who has the Honda civic (Honda Motor Corporation, 2010). Subsequent to the discussion of the company’s message now we will analyze the message as follows: Purpose: Here the purpose of the message of company is to create awareness among the dealers about the product problem and to solve that technical problem of the customer’s product. Sender: The Sender is the technical department of the company. Receiver: The authorized dealers of the company. Environment: Here the environment of the communication is the external environment. Technology: The Company communicates with the written messages and the internet technology. Noise: In the messaging, noise can be formed as the message failure through internet and noise can formed as written message delay. Feedback: The feedback from the dealer was that they will solve this problem of the product as soon as. The technology of the message is the good. Both the medium of the message is the efficient and reach at the right time. Message purpose is the appropriate and easily understandable by the dealers.

10 Facts About Lagomorphs

Rabbits, hares, and pikas, collectively known as lagomorphs, are known for their floppy ears, bushy tails and impressive hopping ability. But theres more to lagomorphs than fluffy fur and a bouncy gait. Rabbits, hares, and pikas are versatile mammals that have colonized a wide range of habitats throughout the world. They serve as prey for many species and as such play an important role in the food webs they occupy. In this article, youll learn interesting facts about rabbits, hares,  and pikas and find out about their unique characteristics, their life cycle, and their evolutionary history. Lagomorphs are divided into 2 basic groups Lagomorphs are a group of mammals that includes two basic groups, the pikas, and the hares and rabbits. Pikas are small, rodent-like mammals with short limbs and rounded ears. When they crouch down, they have a compact, almost egg-shaped profile. Pikas prefer cold climates throughout Asia, North America and Europe. They often inhabit mountainous landscapes. Hares and rabbits are small to medium-sized mammals that have short tails, long ears, and long hind legs. They have fur on the soles of their feet, a characteristic that gives them added traction when running. Hares and rabbits have acute hearing and good night vision, both adaptations to the crepuscular and nocturnal lifestyles of many of the species in this group. There are about 80 species of lagomorphs There are about 50 species of hares and rabbits. Well-known species include the European hare, snowshoe hare, Arctic hare and eastern cottontail. There are 30 species of pikas. Today, pikas are less diverse than they were during the Miocene. Lagomorphs were once thought to be a group of rodents Lagomorphs were once classified as a subgroup of rodents due to similarities in physical appearance, the arrangement of teeth and their vegetarian diet. But today, scientists believe that most similarities between rodents and lagomorphs are the result of convergent evolution and not due to shared ancestry. For this reason, lagomorphs have been promoted within the mammalian classification tree and now ran astride rodents as an order in their own right. Lagomorphs are among the most intensely hunted of any animal group Lagomorphs serve as prey for a wide variety of predator species around the world. They are hunted carnivores (such as bobcats, mountain lions, foxes, coyotes) and predatory birds (such as eagles, hawks, and owls). Lagomorphs are also hunted by humans for sport. Lagomorphs have adaptations that enable them to elude predators Lagomorphs have large eyes that are positioned on either side of their head, giving them a field of vision that encircles them completely. This gives lagomorphs a better chance of spotting approaching predators since they have no blind spots. Additionally, many lagomorphs have long back legs (enabling them to run quickly) and claws and fur-covered feet (which give them good traction). These adaptations give lagomorphs a better chance of escaping predators that get too close for comfort. Lagomorphs are absent from only a few terrestrial regions throughout the world Lagomorphs inhabit a range that includes North America, Central America, parts of South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In some parts of their range, especially islands, they were introduced by humans. Lagomorphs are absent from Antarctica, parts of South America, Indonesia, Madagascar, Iceland and parts of Greenland. Lagomorphs are herbivores Lagomorphs eat plants of various forms including grasses, fruits, seeds, herbs, buds, leaves and even bits of bark they strip off of deciduous and coniferous trees. They are also notorious for eating cultivated plants such as grains, cabbage, clover, and carrots. Since the plant foods they eat are nutrient-poor and difficult to digest, lagomorphs eat their droppings, thus causing the food material to pass through their digestive tract twice to maximize the number of nutrients they are able to extract. Lagomorphs have high reproductive rates Reproductive rates for lagomorphs are generally quite high. This offsets the high mortality rates they often face due to harsh environments, disease, and intense predation. The largest lagomorph is the European hare The European hare is the largest of all lagomorphs, reaching weights of between 3 and 6.5 pounds and lengths of more than 25 inches. The smallest lagomorphs are the pikas Pikas include the smallest of all lagomorphs. Pikas generally weigh between 3.5 and 14 ounces and measure between 6 and 9 inches long.

The Atrocities of the Congo Free State Rubber Regime

When the Belgian King Leopold II acquired the Congo Free State during the Scramble for Africa in 1885, he claimed he was establishing the colony for humanitarian and scientific purposes, but in reality, its sole aim was profit, as much as possible, as fast as possible. The results of this rule were very uneven. Regions that were hard to access or lacked profitable resources escaped much of the violence that was to follow, but for those areas directly under the rule of the Free State or the companies it leased land to, the results were devastating. The Rubber Regime   Initially, government and commercial agents focused on acquiring ivory, but inventions, like the car, dramatically increased the demand for rubber.  Unfortunately, for the Congo, it was one of the only places in the world to have a large supply of wild rubber, and the government and its affiliated trading companies quickly shifted their focus to extracting the suddenly lucrative commodity. Company agents were paid large concessions on top of their salaries for the profits they generated, creating personal incentives to force people to work more and harder for little to no pay.  The only way to do that was through the use of terror. Atrocities In order to enforce the near impossible rubber quotas imposed on villages, agents and officials called on the Free State’s army, the Force Publique. This army was composed of white officers and African soldiers. Some of these soldiers were recruits, while others were slaves or orphans brought up to serve the colonial army. The army become known for its brutality, with the officers and soldiers being accused of  destroying villages, taking hostages, raping, torturing, and extorting the people. Men who did not fulfill their quota were killed or mutilated. They also sometimes eradicated  whole villages that failed to meet the quotas as a warning to others. Women and children were often taken hostage until men fulfilled a quota; during which time the women were raped repeatedly. The iconic images to emerge from this terror, though, were the baskets full of smoked hands and the Congolese children who survived ​having a hand cut off. A Hand for Every Bullet Belgian officers were afraid that the rank and file of the Force Publique would waste bullets, so they demanded a human hand for each bullet their soldiers used as proof that the killings had been done.  Soldiers were also reportedly promised their freedom or given other incentives for killing the most people as proven by supplying the most hands. Many people wonder why these soldiers were willing to do this to their ‘own’ people, but there was no sense of being ‘Congolese’. These men were generally from other parts of the Congo or other colonies entirely, and the orphans and slaves had often been brutalized themselves.  The Force Publique, no doubt, also attracted men who, for whatever reason, felt little compunction about wielding such violence, but this was true of the white officers as well. The vicious fighting and terror of the Congo Free State is better understood as another example of the incredible capacity of people for incomprehensible cruelty. Humanity and Reform The horrors, though, are only one part of the story. Amidst all of this, some of the best of people was also seen, in the bravery and resilience of ordinary Congolese men and women who resisted in small and large ways, and the passionate efforts of several American and European missionaries and activists to bring about reform.

Fred Meyer Organizational Structure Essay - 1235 Words

The Process of Fred Meyer’s Organizational Structure Selection MGT230 January 29, 2013 The Process of Fred Meyer’s Organizational Structure Selection Introduction According to Bateman and Snell, â€Å"Two fundamental concepts around which organizations are structured are differentiation and integration† (2011, pg. 227). Differentiation refers to the different units that work on different kinds of tasks with the use of different skills and work methods in an organization. These differentiated units are combinedand coordinated into an overallproduct for the purpose of achieving the organization’s mission as the result of integration. The two fundamental concepts indicate how the organization†¦show more content†¦Through the dozens of merchandise sections within these departments, the company is able to offer customers one-stop shopping convenience in addition to the company operating a dairy, bakery, kitchen, and photo plan. These functional approaches incorporate the fundamental concept of integration with combining and coordi nating products and services to offer the consumers one-stop shopping (Smith amp;Albaum, 2005). This type of marketing and operational strategiesprovides the company an advantage in multiple areas of business while contributing to the organization’s direction and mission. Fred Meyer’s organizational structures are effective in the company’s strategy of seeking competitiveness by enabling each department and each product division in response to the local competition with marketing and operational strategies. The position of the company is measuredby concepts of awareness, use, share, and competitive evaluation in determining the appropriate organizational structure to achieve the goals of the organization. This position of the company impacts the organizational functions in accordance to the organizational design and organizational structure. 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Jaws and Gothic Elements Free Essays

Gothic Elements In Jaws In June of 1995, Director Steven Spielberg released a terrifying thriller called Jaws. In this film a gigantic great white shark terrorizes a small island, which is solely dependent on its beach for revenue. This movie was so scary because it is much more likely happen, unlike a zombie apocalypse or alien attack. We will write a custom essay sample on Jaws and Gothic Elements or any similar topic only for you Order Now People were so afraid of shark attacks they stayed far away from the beaches. Spielberg used gothic elements in his movie Jaws. The way he used them scared and still scares people today. The scene I chose is where Hooper finds Ben Gardener’s sunken boat. Leading up to this scene Hooper and Broody are on Hoper’s boat and Hooper is going to dive into the water to search for the elusive shark. When Hooper dives he diving by a Ben Gardener’s shark ravaged boat. One of the gothic elements Spielberg used In this scene was his choice of music and how he used it to set up the scene. For example, when Hooper started to approach the boat. The music got more intense and right when a human head pops out from the hole in the boat the music stops and it makes it very climatic because you were expecting the shark to come and attack him but instead a scary head pops out from the hole in the boat. Spielberg makes you think that the shark is going to attack Hooper because Hooper finds a huge shark tooth in the side of the boat. So when the music stops and the head pops out it is very surprising and scary. Another gothic element is the camera angle during this scene. The camera Is positioned directly behind Hooper, as he Is scuba diving around the wreckage of the ship. This gives you the feeling of being right there with Hooper and makes you feel claustrophobic because there Is nowhere else to look the right over his shoulder. This sakes the scene so much more scary and intense. Other horror elements are the lighting, props, and makeup. Spielberg made the lighting very dim and spooky. He did this on purpose because the scene was supposed to be a creepy scene. It made it harder to make out what was going on. The prop head that was used during this scene had a very creepy makeup done on it. The head was made to look like it was under there for a little bit and it was Just starting to decompose, which made it scary. Spielberg knew exactly what he was doing with this film. His use of gothic elements made it the extremely popular thriller It was. Without these elements the vie has no chill factor and would not be as successful as It was and still Is today. Jaws and Gothic Elements By Emily Gothic Elements in Jaws One of the gothic elements Spielberg used in this scene was his choice of music and Another gothic element is the camera angle during this scene. The camera is positioned directly behind Hooper, as he is scuba diving around the wreckage of the claustrophobic because there is nowhere else to look the right over his shoulder. This elements made it the extremely popular thriller it was. Without these elements the movie has no chill factor and would not be as successful as it was and still is today. How to cite Jaws and Gothic Elements, Papers

Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing free essay sample

According to Hood (as cited in Agnes, 2005) â€Å"Leadership is defined as a process of influencing others or guiding or directing others to attain mutually agreed upon goals† (p. 457). This paper will describe four different leadership styles, and the effectiveness of each style as dependent upon the situation. Review of the Professional Nursing Literature All nurses are leaders but may not recognize the different types of leadership or traits of an effective leader (Sims, 2009). There are four leadership styles to consider, the first one is autocratic or authoritarian. The autocratic leader is someone who usually needs to dominate others. The autocratic approach is often one-sided and the leader is likely attempting to achieve a single goal or objective (Sims, 2009). Autocratic leadership is a behavior in which a leader makes choices with no involvement from any peers, regardless if those ideas are better suited for the organization. This type of leader requires constant pressure and direction to get the task done. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This type of leader provides clear expectations for what, when, and how a process should be done without consulting employees. Organizations that have this type of leader tend to see a high turn-over of employees and absenteeism for the simple fact that employees don’t feel valued. This approach would not be the way to get the best performance from the team. The implementation of this style of leadership could be used in a situation where an immediate decision needs to be made such as a crisis in an emergency room. The second leadership style is democratic or participative. This style is one that encourages employees to be a part of the decision making process. This type of leader keeps employees informed about everything that affects the work being done, and shares in the problem solving situation. A drawback of this type of leader is that the leader could be viewed as not being able to make a decision; therefore, the employees may not respect this style and view this leader as not being a true leader. The democratic leader uses the team approach and is the coach in the process, but has the final say when the group comes to a consensus. Implementation of a democratic leadership style can best be executed in a situation where a process or practice change is needed, such as documentation on electronic medical records. With this leadership style the leader can get staff ideas and suggestions for a smooth transition to the change. This not only increases job satisfaction by involving team members, but it also helps to develop people’s skills. This method inspires a group effort, but it can take lots of time for the leader to develop and come to an end to the topic at hand (Sims, 2009). The leader may spend a lot of time in discussions, sending emails, or scheduling meetings. This leader may be happy to do this to see that staff are working together to achieve a better outcome, but it can also be a time-consuming process. A good democratic leader encourages staff participation, is supportive, but never loses sight that the leader is the one responsible for the final decision. This leader must accept that the outcome may turn out differently than originally planned. Transactional leadership is the third style, and is one where the leader focuses on the day to day tasks of the team, and makes sure that the work is completed. Transactional leadership is really a type of management, not a true leader style, because the focus is on short-term tasks. Transactional leaders set a goal, provide directions, and then reward the employee if performance is met at an acceptable level (McGuire Kennerly, 2006). Transactional leadership style can best be used when a state survey is taking place and if successful, then reward will be given to the employees. These leaders use this style to get the desired outcomes. Transactional leaders give tasks to be done by the employee, and if it’s done wrong then the employee is accountable. If the task is completed to this leader’s standard, then the employee is rewarded. This type of leader doesn’t focus on the staff’s needs, or personal development, instead the staff must adhere to what the leader wants. Transactional leaders often work under the assumption that if everything is working fine, then there is no need to fix anything. Under this type of leader, there is no interest in change, and the employee will not feel any job satisfaction. The fourth leadership style is the transformational leader. This style of leadership is one that’s very appropriate in many corporate situations because of the wide range of abilities and approaches that are drawn upon. This style focuses on the leader and the employee working together for a common goal. This type of leader has a vision for the organization, and inspires employees to solve problems creatively in a way that provides support and encouragement without diminishing the nursing role (Kleinman, 2004). Transformational leaders have several traits that inspire the employee to utilize the strengths to improve the team, have better staff satisfaction, and reduce stress (Weberg, 2010). Transformational leaders are coaches, or mentors; they show respect, have empathy, and utilize individual leader skills to promote change. These leaders are very energetic and passionate about the job, and concerned about all staff in succeeding. These leaders set good examples, clear goals, and recognizes good work from the team. Transformational leaders should remain a part of the team and share in the work load to better understand the team’s viewpoint. With this leader style, there is a higher level of committed employees, reduced stress, and increased morale (Dunham Klafehn, 1990). This in turn creates an employee who will provide a positive outlook when change is taking place and increases employee job satisfaction. Application of Clinical Example A clinical example of when transformational leader style would work best is when an organization is going through a change process, such as the way report is given. Transformational leaders motivate staff to work towards a greater good and create a positive change (Dunham Klafehn, 1990). Many nurses don’t like change in the way care is provided, but when it’s important for patient safety change is inevitable.

The Benefits and Disadvantages of Free Trade

Overview The World Trade Organization is the sole global body that deals with fairness in trade among nations. It designs rules to ensure that large economies and small economies are at par in economic growth. However, its policies and propositions are not popular with most nations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits and Disadvantages of Free Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Its aims are to facilitate demand and supply by ensuring that producers of goods and services find a way to export their products and those that do not produce find a way to import what they need. Through its membership, World Trade Organization facilitates two major world forums. The Doha Development Agenda is a trade negotiations forum. It is designed to achieve groundbreaking reforms in the manner in which world economies conduct their trade. The forum’s agenda is to inject revised rules and to improve the internatio nal trade system through systematic introduction of minimal trade restrictions. It was officially launched in Qatar in 2001. Ministers of respective countries tasked with commerce, trade, and sometimes finance attend the forum. Each minister goes to the table to air their countries’ views. The Doha development agenda covers around 20 critical areas of world economy, which include agriculture, services, imports, exports, intellectual property, among others. World Trade Organization’s advocacy for free global trade has not been popular with majority of the nations. Although free trade has many benefits as opposed to closed trade, many countries perceive free trade negatively and bring down any attempts at making the world economy free of national and regional barriers. For example, in 2003 during the talks that were held in Caucun Mexico, the world witnessed massive protests. This was the third ministerial meeting with the same agenda: trying to break the deadlock that h ad been experienced in the last two sittings since the first round in Qatar. The second major forum facilitated by World Trade Organization is the World Trade Forum. This forum seeks common ground on how countries can work together in tackling common global problems that go beyond the need for economic integration. This includes the need for development in major areas such as education. Major economies and their leaders normally attend it.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They review goals and targets such as millennium development goals. This forum is generalist compared to the Doha round of negotiations. However, it is important to note that they both champion for a more developed world, which caters for the need of everyone. The following principles guide WTO. Principle of Non-Discrimination: It requires a WTO member to apply similar trade conditions while transacting with all WTO members. It simply implies that the WTO members should treat other in a favorable manner. In addition, if a favor is extended to one member of the WTO in a certain transaction, similar treatment should happen to any other WTO member in case of a similar transaction. Reciprocity: This principle advocates for nations to do mutual things to each other. For example, reduction of transaction tariffs should be mutual and equal in measure. Markets should be freer on both sides of the spectrum. Barriers restricting such trade should effectively come down to enable more trading for mutual growth and benefits. Predictability: World Trade Organization proposes that any agreements arrived at should be binding and long-term. Any member should not decide arbitrarily to change any terms or conditions. This gives confidence to members, investors, governments and any other stakeholders. It is a good ingredient to promoting healthier relations and growing economies. The subjects that tou ch on this principle include market-opening commitments, tariff rates, and trade barriers. Beneficial to Less Developed Countries: This is a critical principle. However, in recent times and in the past many developed countries have misused this principle. It proposes that underdeveloped countries should enjoy special privileges when dealing with economically strong economies. This will enable them to enjoy greater visibility and flexibility in the marketplace. At the start of the supposed agreement, it helps these economies to adjust to the current economic environment. Adjustments include sensitization of its citizens and structural changes, which may be much easier for the big economies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits and Disadvantages of Free Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Competitive and Fair: The WTO strongly advises that a fair and level playing field should exist for all nations. Eve ry country should fairly compete and universal human standards upheld. It discourages unorthodox practices such as arbitrary dumping of obsolete products to third world countries. This practice common among the developed countries is inhumane and self-seeking. It also goes against United Nations Charter. Others include unfair export subsidies and cheap products development to gain market share. If free trade is beneficial to nations, why does it face such hostility? Why is it that since its formulation in 2001, Doha round of negotiations did not record any milestones until 2011? Does it mean that since the major economies had been experiencing massive growth in their economies before 2011, they did not find it necessary to include other nations in their trade? These pertinent questions depict large economies as greedy. They also point out the greatest lacuna in these talks where majority of the nations with the vote are large economies that want to shelve the interests of others. Th is paper will analyze the benefits and disadvantages of free trade and look into the reasons why efforts geared towards this are hampered. Additionally, this paper will critically analyze the state of the global economy and reasons for the current state in light of existence of an idealistic free trade among nations. State of the Global Economy Since the World War 2, political disintegration has been on the rise. There is currently more than three times the number of independent countries than there were at the end of the war. Political disintegration has sometimes been credited with innovation as countries strive to come up with ways to fund budgets, increase security, and be relevant to its citizens. Consequentially, political disintegration has led to economic disintegration. Although some economists argue that this leads to innovation in respective countries, as noted above, majority are of the opinion that integration of fiscal, economic, and monetary policies that are geared t owards the benefit of all nations have far-reaching benefits than the former.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The global economy can be classified as irregular clusters of self-seeking political and economic integrations, which offer minimal, if any, benefits to the less performing economies. The political and economic integration of Euro Zone is a perfect example. These countries have curtailed sovereign fiscal policymaking and delegated that to the European Union. In future, this was expected to continue until the recent Euro Zone crisis that was brought about by reckless borrowing by some members. There is minimal economic integration world over since most large economies are interested in vesting their interests at the expense of smaller economies. This brings a wedge of sharp mistrust and spawns half-baked integration with minimal benefits. Examples of treaties that may not be effective include NAFTA, COMESA, EAC, among others. The fact that countries can easily pull out of these economic bodies reduces their credibility and waters down their efforts. Hence, the world economy is closel y guarded with minimal freedom to conduct trade. Additionally, there is minimal fairness in the game with countries that can produce goods cheaply illegally exporting these products to countries that produce them at a higher cost. This essentially kills trade. Since the financial crisis started in the United States and quickly spread in other nations, many countries have restrained their need to import in an effort to appear to support their ailing economies. This was particularly informed by falling employment levels in many countries. Many lobbyists would criticize government if it imported any goods or services that could be produced locally. This forestalled growth in free trade and countries continue to be wary. For example, in South Wales, when the government imported police uniforms and firefighters gears from an Australian firm, there was mass ridicule from lobbyists and citizens. This has been the case in United States, Europe and a host of other countries. Hence, these eff orts to concentrate on growing national economies and protecting them have led to the traditional artificial barriers that restrict free trade. Advantages of Free Trade Free trade may not be a fair trade but it has many benefits. Governments erect restrictions that restrict movement of goods and services between countries. Governments do this through use of subsidies and tariffs to hamper free trade. Normally, this is aimed at protecting domestic production from international competition. However, free trade has its benefits. First, it allows countries to specialize in production of goods and services that they have comparative advantage. This specialization brings about efficiency, economies of scale, and increases output, which results in increased production. Second, free trade leads to an increase in productivity and a higher domestic output by increasing efficiency of resource allocation. In addition, it increases competition, which leads to innovative ways of distribution, mar keting, and technology. Third, the increased competition allows goods and services to trade at the lowest costs and gives producers reason to produce quality. Hence, customers experience quality. It also allows customers to have a variety of goods and services. Fourth, free trade results in foreign exchange gains associated with the exchange of hard currency. This exchange allows the domestic country to pay for imports without having to exchange the money, which can be costly at times. Lastly, introduction of free trade generates employment to the domestic population. This is because it allows economic resources to be shifted to the more productive areas of the economy, which leads to more demand for exports. The resultant effect of free trade is economic growth and development. Higher incomes and higher growth rate in economy increases living standards of citizens. Domestic industries increase production levels and enhance efficiency in productivity. Disadvantages of Free Trade Alt hough there are many advantages, many disadvantages are put forth by conservative governments, lobby groups, and some economists to scuttle the efforts towards a free trade. First, free trade creates a domestic dependence on global markets. This creates a domestic economic instability associated with inability to control majority of the markets and prevailing forces such as demand, wars, and recessions. Second, the global market does not offer a level playing field. A country may produce a certain commodity cheaply at a surplus and, to avoid losses, dump it in a country that produced the same commodity at a higher cost. Many countries find it hard to compete when such conditions prevail. Additionally, the nature of goods a country produces may not auger well in trying to find a favorable balance of trade. For example, countries that produce agricultural related commodities experience unfavorable terms of trade. This results in lower export income and subsequently a large national de bt. Third, it is in the interest of nations to protect their upcoming industries. This may not be possible if they are constantly facing competition from already established firms. Hence, developing economies may find it more conducive to close trade and allow growth of its industries. Lastly, there are other disadvantages such as protection from environmental pollution by external firms and protection from a possibility of structural unemployment. Tradeoffs of Integration Introductory Case The European Union is the single biggest economic and political integration since the Soviet Union. Europe had embraced industrial revolution and there was high industrial development across the region prior to the World War II. The war brought the economy of Europe into waste, with many of its industries destroyed. During the period of 1945-1990, many of the countries in Eastern Europe fell into the communist hands of the USSR. United States came in sought to help save the European economy under the Marshall plan; it aided the western part of Europe and helped in building the economy. By the 1980s the communist nations were rapidly falling while the economies of Western European countries were increasingly gaining power, this is attributable to the support of the USA. With the help of America, many of the western nations moved to link together through economic integration. They formed the European Union that increased trade among them through shared infrastructure. They agreed on a common currency (the euro) and made trade agreements that set their economies on the path to recovery. This was unlike the Soviet Union, which had wanted to continue scuttling efforts of recovery in Europe to its advantage. Britain had been weakened by the Second World War hence it could no longer support countries in Europe like Greece and Turkey. It thus sought the intervention of the United States. The united states were strongly opposed to communism and to avoid European economies from falli ng in the hands of the soviet union they provided financial aid and also played a major role in stabilizing the civil wars at the time. America’s intervention through the Truman doctrine saved the nations from soviet communisms in effect saving Europe from foreign policy failures and military humiliation. America believed that once a country falls into communism it would also weaken the neighbors as there would be minimum interaction due to diverging trade systems. Their support was evident when the Soviet Union pressured Turkey over the Dardanelles Strait concessions that would have allowed invasion from the west, through enunciation of the Truman policy. USA helped Berlin with supplies and food when Stalin attempted to barricade West Berlin in a bid to take control. This enabled Europe to maintain control of its cities from the Soviet Union. Were it not for the vast amount of aid America gave to Europe, European economies would have fallen further with the Soviet Union inva sion during the cold war. Tradeoffs of Integration There are two types of integration: economic and political integration. The above case highlights the tricky nature of political and economic integration especially when carried out at the same time. The European Union is a classic case of economic integration with a measured political integration. For example, it is possible to travel from some countries to others without a visa and it is a legal requirement is some countries within the euro zone. Economic integration is a major challenge to the national fiscal policies, the existence of some economies without straining and the entry of new members in the euro zone. These challenges are highlighted below. Social and Political Challenges A close look at Portugal and Spain who were late entrants into the European Union depicts profound developments in those two countries. Since entering euro zone, Spain has recorded a favorable economic climate highlighted by increased trade within E urope, access to European budget, and favorable infrastructure. However, many pundits believe that the inclusion of Spain and Portugal was not purely for economic reasons. The European community strives to ensure that they have a functioning democratic union, with a common military purpose and a common defensive approach. Some economists argue that there cannot be a functioning economic integration without a political integration of some kind. This is because many economic policies are spawned from political decisions. Hence, it follows that many Euro Zone countries do not have the political free will to make decisions as others may have. The attached cartoon depicts a situation where a policymaker is considering two extreme options. The government of Greece had been borrowing money from the European Union members and from its citizens to fund expenditure budgets. It reached a point where the government was unable to meet its obligations and this resulted in a budget and debt crisis . The options were quite limited for the Greece government. This is because they were not allowed to make hard financial decisions independently. Hence, the extreme options were to pull out of the Euro Zone and renege on debt payments to Germany and other big lenders or to abide by the demand from Euro Zone members to cut budgetary spending in exchange for a bailout agreement. The bailout agreement, too, had many obligations. This includes the need to curtail government spending. This means the government will have to cut loose a massive working population from its structure. The other option will be to tax the Greek nationals more to meet the required budgetary requirements. If Greece were independent from Euro Zone, the options would have been limitless. For example, the country’s central bank would have devalued the country’s currency. This would have facilitated more foreign investments and shored up the balance of exchange. Additionally, more money in circulation would have increased peoples spending and hence spurred economic growth. However, all these fiscal decisions are tied to the Euro Zone fiscal structure. It is imperative to note that Greece was considering pulling out of euro zone. This meant that it would treat Euro Zone members as any other country outside euro zone. The reason this was an attractive way out is the short-term benefits. For example, the country would immediately cease from having to consider Euro Zone members in its imports before going for any other option. Hence, the country would import essential commodities cheaply from countries in Asia, Africa, and Americas. Additionally, the country’s fiscal policies would be independent of any rules and regulations. However, Greece would face trade barriers from even the closest neighbor and its exports would face a major lag. Hence, it would be hard to continue exporting goods to immediate neighbors. Additionally, it would be hard for Greece to be reaccepted into eu ro zone. The other countries will build a lasting mistrust in Greece. All these would have political, social, and economic consequences on Greece. Legal Consequences A country that enters into an economic integration has to abide by the rules of the integration. In the case of euro zone, all countries are required to align their agricultural, economic, and industrial legislation with the requirements laid down. Additionally, financial policies of a country must be in line with the European community. It is also mandatory to have certain taxation regimes and to have certain tariffs and subsidies. Additionally, a country aligns its budgetary requirements with those of other countries in the euro zone. A country is also restricted from conducting business with another country if it can conduct that business with a country in the European community. All these are legal consequences that come with integration elsewhere. One of the reasons why trade integration treaties do not work is bec ause most countries do not take the integration seriously. In addition, the structures in place to ensure that these rules are adhered to watered down by the fact that a country has the free will to pull out at any time. Poor Members Poor members are one of the major reasons why economic integration is hard. Poor members feel like they are alienated and are not enjoying similar benefits as the rest. This had threatened the very existence of Euro Zone in the 1980s. These disparities include par capita income, infrastructure developments, education levels, productivity, and employment. All these led to trade imbalances and hence poor countries were feeling the brunt. Efforts were made to harmonize this and some years later a fund specifically designed to address these problems was set up. These structural policies systematically advocated introduction of new provisions that would make social and economic cohesions a common goal. Most integration treaties do not go to that extent. This means that in the end, most poor countries that are hungry for domestic development pull out. Eventually, the ability of the integration to continue working is severely scuttled. Conclusion From the above analysis, it is evident that a country that enters into an agreement with other countries significantly reduces its sovereignty. Depending on the nature and level of integration, a country may also enjoy a number of benefits. Hence, a country trades off by weighing the option of giving up certain privileges to gain some advantages. The treaty has to be formed with good intentions. Failure to do that may result in its immediate crumble. For example, an effort should be made to ensure there is fairness that caters for the poor countries so that all enjoy fruits of integration. This essay on The Benefits and Disadvantages of Free Trade was written and submitted by user 3-D Man to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.